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Shunt Motor

It is a type of DC motor where the field winding is connected parallel to the armature winding of the motor. Due to this, both motor windings will be exposed to the same voltage supply, and it maintains an inductive speed with any load.
Whenever a DC motor is turned on, current flows through the stator and the rotor. This produces two fields, i.e., pole and armature. Shunt motors generally have low starting torque and also run at a constant speed. This type of motor is used in centrifugal pumps, elevators, lathe machines, conveyors, spinning machines, etc.

Separately Excited Motor

As the name suggests, in this type of motor, the main supply is given separately to the armature and the field winding. The advantage of using this motor is that the current from the armature does not flow through the field winding as the winding is energized by a separate DC source.
Separately excited DC motors are suitable for applications that require speed variation from low to very high values. These types of electric motors are commonly seen in steel rolling mills, paper machines, ship propulsion, and other applications.

Series Motor

Series motors are a set of separately excited motors in which the field is connected in series to the armature winding, and thus, a high current passes through it. The function of a series motor is similar to other motors which convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
In this type, a power supply terminal is at one end of the armature and the field coil. A current-carrying conductor cooperates with the external magnetic field whenever the magnetic field is nearly created, and then a rotational motion can be produced. These are suitable for both high and low-power drives for fixed and variable-speed electric drives.

Compound Motor

The compound motor is a combination of both series and shunt field coils connected to the armature winding. It carries the required amount of magnetic flux in the armature to generate the necessary torque to assist rotation at the desired speed level.
This type of motor has been invented to get better properties of both these motors. A shunt motor ensures an extremely efficient regulation of speed, whereas a series motor has a great and high starting torque. But, the starting torque is not as high as in the case of a series motor nor is their speed regulation as efficient as that of a shunt motor.

PMDC Motor

As the name suggests, this type of motor is arranged with permanent magnet poles. In this motor, the magnets are radially magnetized and set on the inner sides of the cylindrical steel stator. Since this motor does not have a field coil, it generates torque by the interaction of armature flux and permanent flux.
PMDC motor consists of armature core, commutator, and armature winding. The operating voltage of a PMDC motor is 6 volts, 12 volts otherwise 24 volts DC supply is obtained from voltage sources such as batteries or rectifiers. PMDC motors are broadly used where small DC motors are required.

Induction Motor

In this motor, an electric current is required to produce torque obtained through electromagnetic induction from the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding. For this reason, an induction motor can be built without an electrical connection to the rotor.
An induction motor is a common configuration used in industrial, commercial, or residential settings. Sometimes these motors are called ‘asynchronous motors’ because they operate at speeds less than synchronous motors. It is a simple, sturdy construction, low cost, and requires minimal maintenance.

Synchronous Motor

It is defined as an AC motor in which the rotation of the rotor is synchronized with the frequency of the supply. In this type, all the rotations made by the rotor are equal to an integer multiple of the frequency of the applied current.
This motor does not depend on the induction current to work. Unlike induction motors, in this multiphase AC electromagnets are present on the stator, which generates a rotating magnetic field. These motors are commonly used in applications that require a steady and precise motion.

Stepper Motor

It is a type of motor that divides a complete rotation into several equal steps. The position of the motor can be controlled by running and holding on to either of these stages without any position sensor for feedback, as long as the motor is correctly sized for the application with respect to torque and speed.
It consists of two main components, which are the rotor and the stator. The rotor is the rotating shaft, and the stator has electromagnets that form the fixed part of the motor. These motors can provide flexibility and constant holding torque without the need to operate the motor. They are used in 3D printing equipment, textile machines, and printing presses.

Brushless Motor

It is a type of DC electric motor that does not have brushes and uses a direct current (DC) electric power supply. The motor contains an electronic controller to change DC currents in the motor windings creating magnetic fields which rotate in space and follows the permanent magnet rotor.
In addition, the controller also adjusts the phase and amplitude of the DC current pulses to control the speed and torque of the motor. These types of electric motors are highly effective for producing large amounts of torque over a wide speed range. Brushless motors are used in many applications, such as hard drives, CD/DVD players, pumps, etc.

Universal Motor

The universal motor is the motor that has the capability to operate on AC or DC power and uses an electromagnet as a stator to create its magnetic field. The motor features variable speed, and high transmission torque and provides a high starting torque. Universal motors are commonly used in vacuum cleaners, sewing machines, etc.
A universal motor is similar in construction to a DC series motor but slightly modified to allow the motor to operate properly on AC power. These types of electric motors are designed to run at high speeds of more than 3500 rpm. This motor can work well on AC supply as both the field coil and armature will have reverse polarity with the current supply.

Hysteresis Motor

It is a type of asynchronous motor having a cylindrical rotor and works on induced hysteresis loss in a steel rotor with high retention. It can use either one phase or three phases and provides a noiseless operation to the environment, plus it maintains a constant speed.
In addition, these motors are durable and reliable in-process and capable of running at various speeds. The torque generated in the motor is due to hysteresis and eddy current which is induced due to the stator winding. Hysteresis motors are used in sound recording and producing applications such as electric clocks, tape recorders, record players, etc.

Reluctance Motor

Reluctance motors have non-permanent magnetic poles on a ferromagnetic rotor that does not have windings. The power these motors deliver is high at a low cost, making them attractive in many applications.
The working principle of this motor is that, whenever a magnetic material is located within a magnetic field, it always moves up in a low reluctance manner. The main drawback is that it has a high torque ripple when operated at low speed, and the torque ripple causes noise. It is used for many applications, such as clock timers, signaling devices, recording equipment, etc.

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